本產品型號：-121
一，儀器特征：
本儀器測量采用三電法對試樣進行測試，其試驗裝置主要有平板式電裝置和高阻計兩部分組成?；驹硎菍υ嚇蛹尤氩煌瑩跷坏闹绷麟妷海鹘浽嚇拥奈⑷蹼娏饔脴藴孰娮枞臃糯蠛?，從高阻計上讀出。數字直接顯示出電阻值,高、顯示、穩(wěn)定性好、讀數方便。
二：儀器合的標準有：
☆ GB/T 1410-2006 固體緣材料 體積電阻率和表面電阻率試驗方法 ☆ GB 12014 靜電工作服☆ GB/T 20991-2007 個體護裝備 鞋的測試方法☆ GB 4385-1995 靜電鞋、導電鞋技術要求☆ GB 12158-2006 靜電事故通用導則 ☆ GB 4655-2003 橡膠工業(yè)靜電規(guī)程☆ GB/T 12703.4-2010 紡織品 靜電性能的評定 ☆ GB/T 12703.6-2010 紡織品 靜電性能的評定☆ GB 液體石油產品靜電規(guī)程 ☆ GB/T 導電和靜電纖維增強塑料電阻率試驗方法☆ GB/T 地毯 靜電習性評價法 行走試驗 ☆ GB/T 硫化橡膠 工業(yè)用靜電和導電產品 電阻限范圍☆ GB/T 22042-2008 服裝 靜電性能 表面電阻率試驗方法 ☆ GB/T 22043-2008 服裝 靜電性能 通過材料的電阻（垂直電阻）試驗方法☆ GB/T 24249-2009 靜電潔凈織物 ☆ GB 26539-2011 靜電陶瓷磚 Antistatic ceramic til☆ GB/T 26825-2011 靜電腐膠 ☆ GB 50515-2010 導（）靜電地面設計規(guī)范☆ GB 50611-2010 電子工程靜電設計規(guī)范 ☆ G 105-1998-Z 電子產品靜電放電控制手冊☆ G 3007A-2009 靜電工作區(qū)技術要求 ☆ G 5104-2004 無線電引信風帽用靜電涂料及風帽靜電性能通用要求
三：儀器技術指標：
1.電阻測量范圍： 0.01×104Ω ～1×1018Ω。 2.電流測量范圍為: 2×10-4A～1×10-16A3. 雙表頭顯示: 3.1/2位LED顯示 4. 內置測試電壓： 10V、50V、100V、250、500、1000V5. 基本準確度：1% （*注） 6 使用環(huán)境: 溫度：0℃～40℃，相對濕度<80%7 機內測試電壓: 10/50/100/250/500/1000V 任意切換 8.供電形式: AC 220V，50HZ，功耗約5W
附加介紹：電阻率
電阻率是用來表示各種物質電阻特性的物理量。某種材料制成的長1米、橫截面積是1平方毫米的在常溫下（20℃時）導線的電阻，叫做這種材料的電阻率。電阻率的單位是歐姆·米（Ω·m或ohmm），常用單位是歐姆·毫米和歐姆·米。應用電阻率較低的物質被稱為導體，常見導體主要為金屬，而自然界中導電性的是銀，其次為半導體，、硅鍺。當存在外電場時，金屬的自由電子在運動中不斷和晶格節(jié)點上做熱振子的正離子相碰撞，使電子運動受到阻礙，因而就具有了的電阻。其他不易導電的物質如玻璃、橡膠等，電阻率較高，一般稱為緣體。介于導體和緣體之間的物質（如硅） 則稱半導體。電阻率的科學號為 ρ（Rho）。 已知物體的電阻，可由電阻率ρ、長度 l 與截面面積A 計算：ρ=RA/I，在該式中， 電阻R 單位為歐姆，長度 l 單位為米，截面面積 A 單位為平方米，電阻率 ρ單位為歐姆·米計算公式電阻率的計算公式為：ρ=RS/Lρ為電阻率——常用單位Ω·mS為橫截面積——常用單位㎡R為電阻值——常用單位ΩL為導線的長度——常用單位m-----------------------------------------電阻率的另一計算公式為：ρ=E/Jρ為電阻率——常用單位Ω·mm2/m[1]E為電場強度——常用單位N/CJ為電流密度——常用單位A/㎡（E，J 可以為矢量）說明1．電阻率ρ不和導體的材料有關，還和導體的溫度有關。在溫度變化不大的范圍內：幾乎金屬的電阻率隨溫度作線性變化，即ρ=ρo（1+at）。式中t是攝氏溫度，ρo是O℃時的電阻率，a是電阻率溫度系數。2．由于電阻率隨溫度改變而改變，所以對于某些電器的電阻，須說明它們所處的物理狀態(tài)。如一個220 V -100 W電燈燈絲的電阻，通電時是484歐姆，未通電時只有40歐姆左右。3．電阻率和電阻是兩個不同的概念。電阻率是反映物質對電流阻礙作用的屬性，電阻是反映物體對電流阻礙作用的屬性。金屬導體常用電阻率材料電阻率（Ω m）（1）銀1.65 ×10-8（2）銅1.75 ×10-8（3）金2.40×10-8（4）鋁2.83 ×10-8（5鎢5.48 ×10-8（6）鐵9.78 ×10-8（7）鉑2.22 ×10-7（8）錳銅4.4 ×10-7（9）汞9.6 ×10-7（10）康銅5.0 ×10-7（11）鎳鉻合金1.0 ×10-6（12）鐵鉻鋁合金1.4 ×10-6（13） 鋁鎳鐵合金1.6 ×10-6可以看出金屬的電阻率較小，合金的電阻率較大，非金屬和一些金屬氧化物更大，而緣體的電阻率大。鍺、硅、硒、氧化銅、硼等的電阻率比緣體小而比金屬大，我們把這類材料叫做半導體（semiconductors）?？偨Y：常態(tài)下（由表可知）導電性能的依次是銀、銅、鋁，這三種材料是常用的，常被用來作為導線等，其中銅用的為廣，幾乎現在的導線都是銅的（精密儀器，場合除外）鋁線由于化學性質不穩(wěn)定容易氧化已被淘汰。由于鋁密度小，取材廣泛，且價格比銅便宜，目前被廣泛用于電力系統中傳輸電力的架空輸電線路。為解決鋁材剛性不足缺陷，一般采用鋼芯鋁絞線，即鋁絞線內部包有一根鋼線，以強度。銀導電性能，但由于成本高很少被采用，只有在高要求場合才被使用，如精密儀器、高頻震蕩器、航天等。順便說下金，在某些場合儀器上觸點也有用金的，那是因為金的化學性質穩(wěn)定故采用，并不是因為其電阻率小所致。金屬和非金屬的電阻率金屬溫度（℃） ραo （×10-3Ω·m）, 100 （×10-3Ω·m）鋅20 5．9 4.2鋁（軟）20 2.75 4.2鋁（軟）–78 1.64石墨（8～13）×10-6阿露美爾合金20 33 1.2銻0 38.7 5.4銥20 6.5 3.9銦0 8.2 5.1殷鋼0 75 2鋨20 9.5 4.2鎘20 7.4 4.2鉀20 6.9 5.1①鈣 20 4.6 3.3金20 2.4 4.0銀20 1.62 4.1鉻（軟）20 17鎳鉻合金（克露美爾）— 70—110 .11—。54鈷a 0 6.37 6.58康銅— 50 –。04–1.01鋯30 49 4.0黃銅– 5—7 1.4–2水銀0 94.08 0.99水銀20 95.8錫20 11.4 4.5鍶0 30.3 3.5青銅– 13—18 0.5銫20 21 4.8鉍20 120 4.520 19 5鎢20 5.5 5.3鎢1000 35鎢鎢–78 3.2鉭20 15 3.5金 屬溫度（0℃） ραo , 100杜拉鋁（軟）— 3.4鐵（純）20 9.8 6.6鐵（純）–78 4.9鐵（鋼）— 10—20 1.5—5鐵（鑄）— 57—114銅（軟）20 1.72 4.3銅（軟）100 2.28銅（軟）–78 1.03銅（軟）–183 0.30釷20 18 2.4鈉20 4.6 5.5①鉛 20 21 4.2鎳鉻合金（鐵）20 109 .10鎳鉻合金（含鐵）20 95—104 .3—。5鎳鉻林合金— 27—45 .2—。34鎳（軟）20 7.24 6.7鎳（軟）–78 3.9鉑20 10.6 3.9鉑1000 43鉑–78 6.7鉑銠合金②20 22 1.4鈀20 10.8 3.7砷20 35 3.9鎳銅鋅電阻線—34—41 .25—。32鈹（軟）20 6.4鎂20 4.5 4.0錳銅20 42—48 –03—+.02鉬20 5.6 4.4洋銀— 17—41 .4—。38鋰20 9.4 4.6磷青銅— 2—6銣20 12.5 5.5銠20 5.1 4.4
①0℃和融點間的平均溫度系數?、阢K90%，銠10% *若電阻率單位用歐姆厘米（Ωcm ）表示，表中數值應擴大100倍。
Beijing Beiguang precision instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd. is specialized in producing all kinds of detection equipment producers of Beijing, the instrument of good quality, reasonable price cheap, after sale servic, each instrument will have profsional engineers on-site commissioning training.
Product Name: Volume surface ristivity tter, insulation tter volume ristivity tt material, the surface ristivity of solid and liquid material tter
This product te: -121
A, instrument characteristics:
This instrument is measured by three electrod method to tt sampl, the tt device mainly consists of a flat electrode device and high ristance meter is composed of two parts. The basic principle is the DC voltage to different plac to sample addition, weak current through the sample with standard ristor sampling amplification, from high ristance meter reading. Dial display value of ristance, high precision, good stability, shows a rapid, convenient reading.
Two: the instrument conforms to the standards:
Tt method for volume ristivity and surface ristivity of solid insulating materials or GB/T 1410-2006
☆ GB 12014 anti-static overalls
Tt method GB/T 20991-2007 wear personal protective equipment sho
☆ GB 4385-1995 anti-static sho, conductive sho technical requirements
☆ GB 12158-2006 general guideline for preventing electrostatic accidents
☆ GB 4655-2003 rubber industrial safety rul of static electricity
Evaluation of GB/T 12703.4-2010 or textile electrostatic properti.
Evaluation of GB/T 12703.6-2010 or textile electrostatic properti.
☆ GB liquid petroleum product safety rul of static electricity
Tt methods of plastic or GB/T 15738-2008 ristivity of conducting and antistatic fiber reinforced
☆ GB/T carpet electrostatic behavior evaluation walking tt
Antistatic and conductive products electrical ristance limits with ☆ GB/T 18864-2002 vulcanized rubber industry
☆ GB/T 22042-2008 clothing - Tt Method for electrostatic properti of surface ristivity
☆ GB/T 22043-2008 clothing anti-static performance by the ristance of the material (vertical ristance tt method)
☆ GB/T 24249-2009 antistatic cleanroom fabric
☆ GB 26539-2011 anti-static ceramic tile Antistatic ceramic til
☆ GB/T 26825-2011 antistatic anticorrosive adhive
☆ GB 50515-2010 (anti) code for dign of electrostatic ground
Code for dign of anti electrostatic GB go 50611-2010 Electronic Engineering
☆ G 105-1998-Z electronic products electrostatic discharge control manual
Antistatic work area or G 3007A-2009 Technology
☆ G 5104-2004 radio fuze cap with the general requirements of electrostatic properti of electrostatic coating and hood
Three: the technical index of the instrument:
1 ristance measurement range: 0.01 × 104 ~ 1 × 1018 Ω.
2 current measuring range: 2 × 10-4A ～ 1 × 10-16A
3 double headers: 3.1/2 LED display
4 built-in tt voltage: 10V, 50V, 100V, 250, 500, 1000V
5 basic accuracy: 1% (* Note)
6 the use of the environment: temperature: 0 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, relative humidity <80%
The tt voltage of 7 machine: 10/50/100/250/500/1000V arbitrary switching
8 power supply forms: AC 220V, 50HZ, power consumption is about 5W
Additional introduction:
Ristivity
Electrical ristivity is used to reprent physical ristance characteristics of various substanc. Some material is 1 meters long, the cross-sectional area is 1 mm2 at room temperature (20 ℃) the ristance of a wire, called the material ristivity. The ristivity is measured in ohms · m (Ω m or ohmm), commonly used in ohms / mm and ohmic · M.
Application
The low ristivity materials called conductor, common conductor mainly for metal, but nature electric conduction was the , followed by silver, semiconductor, silicon, germanium. When the external electric field, the free electron metals continuously in motion and the lattice nod do positive ion temperature of the collision, the electron motion is hindered, so it has a certain ristance. The other is not as easy as gl, rubber and other high ristivity, conductive material, commonly known as the insulator. Between conductor and insulator material (such as silicon) said semiconductor. Ristivity ρ (Rho) for scientific symbols. Ristance of known objects, can be calculated by the ristivity, l length and cross-sectional area A: P =RA/I, in the formula, R unit of ristance in ohms, unit l of length m, section area of A per square meters, the ristivity ρ unit for Om
Calculation formula
Calculation formula for: ristivity ρ =RS/
P for ristivity -- commonly used unit Ω· M
S is the cross-sectional area -- commonly used unit square meters
R is the ristance value -- common unit.
L is the length of the wire -- commonly used unit M
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Another formula for calculating ristivity ρ =E/J for
P for ristivity -- commonly used unit Ω· mm2/m[1]
E is the electric field strength -- commonly used unit N/C
J is the current density -- common units A/ square meters
(E, J can be a vector)
Explain
1 ristivity depends not only on the material of conductor, and the temperature of the conductor. Chang in temperature not
