3D Aerosol LIDAR
三維氣溶膠激光雷達(dá)
（型號(hào)：ESS-D200）

1、設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介
       希臘Raymetrics氣溶膠激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)采用世界***進(jìn)的激光雷達(dá)制造工藝，利用不同波段激光信號(hào)探測(cè)大氣氣溶膠、水汽等垂直闊線，可以實(shí)時(shí)探測(cè)能見(jiàn)度和云底高度等，結(jié)合3D掃描技術(shù)，可以探測(cè)污染物的濃度分布及來(lái)源。探測(cè)包括氣溶膠、能見(jiàn)度、水汽、火山灰、煙霧、污染來(lái)源、云底高度、邊界層高度、光學(xué)厚度、消光系數(shù)、后向散射系數(shù)、色比等。
       其客戶(hù)遍布美國(guó)、中國(guó)、印度、歐洲、南亞、非洲和南美等地區(qū)，應(yīng)用單位包括中國(guó)科學(xué)院、美國(guó)氣象局、英國(guó)氣象局、韓國(guó)氣象局、空管局、歐空局、德國(guó)宇航中心、北京大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)等，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域包括氣象、環(huán)境、航空、軍事等科研和應(yīng)用等。
        希臘Raymetrics可以根據(jù)用戶(hù)實(shí)際需要進(jìn)行量身定制，例如，ESS-D200型激光雷達(dá)用于探測(cè)霧、能見(jiàn)度及污染物來(lái)源等；ESS-D300型激光雷達(dá)則用于探測(cè)火山灰、氣溶膠及邊界層高度等；ESS-D400型激光雷達(dá)則用于探測(cè)水汽濃度垂直闊線等。在這些應(yīng)用中，可以根據(jù)探測(cè)的范圍和內(nèi)容，定制激光器的功率、激光波長(zhǎng)、交叉極化波長(zhǎng)、拉曼、鏡頭尺寸等，掃描模式也可以選擇垂直觀測(cè)或三維掃描等方式。

       產(chǎn)品通過(guò)ISO 9001:2008體系，性能及指標(biāo)滿足歐洲氣溶膠研究激光雷達(dá)觀測(cè)網(wǎng)（EARLINET）需求，自2012年以來(lái)參與了上百個(gè)大型科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃，在大氣科學(xué)、天氣預(yù)報(bào)、環(huán)境治理、航空氣象、空間科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了***貢獻(xiàn)。
       ESS-D200型三維掃描氣溶膠激光雷達(dá)，擁有大功率激光器、大口徑望遠(yuǎn)鏡及全3D掃描方式，可以為航空環(huán)境預(yù)報(bào)及預(yù)警提供重要的氣象參數(shù)，探測(cè)要素包括：能見(jiàn)度、霧、污染物來(lái)源及云底高度等，是市場(chǎng)上***秀的氣溶膠雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)。


2、ESS-D200雷達(dá)主要功能
（1）能見(jiàn)度監(jiān)測(cè)：
       該雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可以提供斜視能見(jiàn)度（SVR），與跑道能見(jiàn)度（RVR）相比，斜視能見(jiàn)度更能真實(shí)的反映飛行員的視覺(jué)感受。





















（2）云底高度監(jiān)測(cè)：
該雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可以提供三維空間云底高度，可以更真實(shí)的反映整個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)上空云的三維分布，而普通的云高儀采樣空間僅為其頭頂上方狹小的區(qū)域。
 （3）霧霾監(jiān)測(cè)：該雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測(cè)平流霧的分布、動(dòng)向及來(lái)源，可以為航空預(yù)警提供預(yù)報(bào)服務(wù)。
 （4）氣溶膠類(lèi)型甄別：      該雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可以區(qū)分火山灰氣溶膠、天然灰塵、煙霧、海洋氣溶膠、冰云、水云等成分，為航空環(huán)境預(yù)警提供有力技術(shù)保障。

 3、ESS-D200雷達(dá)輸出產(chǎn)品
氣溶膠、氣溶膠類(lèi)型、能見(jiàn)度、云底高度、邊界層高度、光學(xué)厚度、消光系數(shù)、后向散射系數(shù)、色比等。3D掃描方式，探測(cè)距離10-15km，可以為航空環(huán)境預(yù)報(bào)及預(yù)警提供重要的氣象參數(shù)。

4、ESS-D200雷達(dá)主要特點(diǎn)
（1）激光能量：在355nm單脈沖能量可達(dá)~30mJ；
（2）200mm大口徑望遠(yuǎn)鏡，有效提升信號(hào)效率；
（3）的信噪比，探測(cè)距離可達(dá)10~15km；
（4）系統(tǒng)可以全自動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程控制；
（5）系統(tǒng)包含標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軟件包：雷達(dá)控制、數(shù)據(jù)分析和實(shí)時(shí)顯示及存儲(chǔ)。
（6）符合歐盟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人眼安全等級(jí)60825-1:2007；
（7）兼容歐洲氣溶膠研究激光雷達(dá)觀測(cè)網(wǎng)（EARLINET）要求；
（8）品質(zhì)保證：ISO9001:2008管理體系；
（9）應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域：氣象、環(huán)境、航空、軍事、科學(xué)研究等。  4技術(shù)指標(biāo)：
掃描范圍：10-15km
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)：355 nm co-polar
可拓展監(jiān)測(cè)波段：355 nm cross-polar
                              387 nm nitrogen Raman
分辨率：7.5m
采樣時(shí)間分辨率：1秒或者10秒等多種采樣方式
FWHM 帶寬近似：～0.5 nm per wavelength
激光能量：30MJ/每脈沖@355nm
重復(fù)率：20Hz
光束擴(kuò)展：X10
檢測(cè)模式：近場(chǎng)和遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量的模擬和光子計(jì)數(shù)
3D掃描范圍：方位角0～357°；天頂角0～90°
內(nèi)部PC：工業(yè)級(jí)PC運(yùn)行窗口
氣候控制：激光雷達(dá)頭和控制單元的加熱和空調(diào)單元
軟件功能：儀表控制、測(cè)量調(diào)度、系統(tǒng)對(duì)齊和設(shè)置程序、數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）、數(shù)據(jù)分析、數(shù)據(jù)可視化
尺寸（主鏡）：200毫米
視場(chǎng)（FOV）：0.25至3 MRAD（用戶(hù)可調(diào)）
重疊：＜200 m（帶工廠設(shè)置FOV）
電源：110 - 240 V, 50 - 60 Hz    
功耗：25 Amps.
尺寸：約1.8 m×1 m×1 m（HXWXD）
重量：約220公斤
自動(dòng)化：自動(dòng)化提供遠(yuǎn)程可操作的測(cè)量調(diào)度
保修：1年為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
技術(shù)配件和維護(hù)：3天現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝培訓(xùn)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 

5、ESS-D200應(yīng)用例子
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[2] Gouveia, D. A., et al. (2017): Optical and geometrical properties of cirrus clouds in Amazonia derived from 1 year of ground-based lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3619-3636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3619-2017
 
[3] Dorman C.E. (2017): Early and Recent Observational Techniques for Fog. In: Kora?in D., Dorman C. (eds) Marine Fog: Challenges and Advancements in Observations, Modeling, and Forecasting. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Cham
 
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[5] Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., and Coauthors (2016): Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET) for aerosol research diagnosis on network instrumentation. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 138–139, 112–120, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2016.01.001.
 
[6] George Georgoussis et al. (2016): Signal to Noise Ratio Estimations for a Volcanic Ash Detection Lidar. Case Study: the Met Office, EPJ Web of Conferences 119, 07002, DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/
 
[7] F. Tan et al. (2015): Monsoonal variations in aerosol optical properties and estimation of aerosol optical depth using ground-based meteorological and air quality data in Peninsular Malaysia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3755–3771, 2015, doi:10.5194/acp-15-3755-2015
 
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[10] Barbosa, H. M. J., et al (2014): A permanent Raman lidar station in the Amazon: Description, characterization and first results. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1745–1762, doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1745-2014.
 
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[12] Papayannis A. et al. (2014): Optical, size and mass properties of mixed type aerosols in Greece and Romania as observed by synergy of lidar and sunphotometers in combination with model simulations: A case study, Science of the Total Environment, 500-501 (2014) 277-294, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.101
 
[13] Zawadzka, O., Makuch, P., Markowicz, K.M. et al. (2014): Studies of aerosol optical depth with the use of Microtops II sun photometers and MODIS detectors in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, Acta Geophys. 62: 400. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-013-0182-5
 
[14] Navas-Guzmán, F.,  D. et al. (2013): Eruption of the Eyjafjallaj?kull Volcano in spring 2010: Multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements of sulphate particles in the lower troposphere, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1804–1813, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50116.
 
[15] Estellés, V., et al. (2012): Study of the correlation between columnar aerosol burden, suspended matter at ground and chemical components in a background European environment, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D04201, doi:10.1029/2011JD016356.
 
[16] Granados-Mu?oz, M. J., et al. (2012): Automatic determination of the planetary boundary layer height using lidar: One-year analysis over southeastern Spain, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18208, doi:10.1029/2012JD017524.
 
[17] Hervo, M., et al.(2012), and Sellegri, K.: Physical and optical properties of 2010 Eyjafjallaj?kull volcanic eruption aerosol: ground-based, Lidar and airborne measurements in France, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1721-1736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1721-2012
 
[18] Pérez-Ramírez, D., et al. (2012): Retrievals of precipitable water vapor using star photometry: Assessment with Raman lidar and link to sun photometry, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05202, doi:10.1029/2011JD016450.
 
[19] Zieliński, T., Petelski, T., Makuch, P. et al. (2012): Studies of aerosols advected to coastal areas with the use of remote technique, Acta Geophys. 60: 1359. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-011-0075-4
 
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[22] Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., et al. (2011): Aerosol closure study by lidar, Sun photometry, and airborne optical counters during DAMOCLES field campaign at El Arenosillo sounding station, Spain, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02209, doi:10.1029/2010JD014510.
 
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[25] Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., et al. (2009): Extreme Saharan dust event over the southern Iberian Peninsula in september 2007: active and passive remote sensing from surface and satellite, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8453-8469, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8453-2009
 
[26] Kazadzis, S., et al. (2009): Spatial and temporal UV irradiance and aerosol variability within the area of an OMI satellite pixel, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4593-4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4593-2009
 
[27] Amiridis, V., et al. (2007): Aerosol Lidar observations and model calculations of the Planetary Boundary Layer evolution over Greece, during the March 2006 Total Solar Eclipse, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 6181-6189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-6181-2007
 
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